Ukwelashwa komoyampilo kuyindlela evame kakhulu ekwelashweni kwanamuhla, futhi kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokwelashwa kwe-hypoxemia. Izindlela ezivamile zokwelapha i-oksijeni emitholampilo zihlanganisa i-catheter oxygen yamakhala, i-oksijeni yemaski elula, i-oksijeni yemaski ye-Venturi, njll. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izici zokusebenza zemishini ehlukahlukene yokwelapha i-oxygen ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okufanele futhi ugweme izinkinga.
Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sokwelashwa kwe-oksijeni yi-hypoxia eyingozi noma engapheli, engabangelwa ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, isifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary obstructive (COPD), ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-pulmonary embolism, noma ukushaqeka ngokulimala okukhulu kwamaphaphu. Ukwelashwa komoyampilo kunenzuzo kuzisulu ezishile, ubuthi be-carbon monoxide noma i-cyanide, i-gas embolism, noma ezinye izifo. Akukho ukungqubuzana okuphelele kokwelashwa komoya-mpilo.
I-Cannula yamakhala
I-catheter yamakhala iyishubhu eguquguqukayo enamaphuzu amabili athambile afakwa emakhaleni esiguli. Ayisindi futhi ingasetshenziswa ezibhedlela, ezindlini zeziguli noma kwenye indawo. Ishubhu ngokuvamile ligoqwa ngemva kwendlebe yesiguli futhi libekwe ngaphambi kwentamo, futhi ibhande le-noosi elishelelayo lingalungiswa ukuze libambe endaweni yalo. Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-catheter yamakhala ukuthi isiguli sikhululekile futhi singakhuluma, siphuze futhi sidle kalula nge-catheter yamakhala.
Lapho umoya-mpilo ulethwa nge-catheter yamakhala, umoya ozungezile uhlangana nomoya-mpilo ngezilinganiso ezihlukene. Ngokuvamile, kukho konke ukwanda kwe-1 L/minithi ekugelezeni komoyampilo, ukugxila komoyampilo ehogeliwe (FiO2) kukhuphuka ngo-4% uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya ojwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa umoya omncane wokuphefumula, okungukuthi, inani lomoya ophefumulayo noma okhishwe ngomzuzu owodwa, noma ukuphefumula ngomlomo, kunganciphisa umoya-mpilo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ingxenye ye-oxygen ehogeliwe. Nakuba izinga eliphezulu lokulethwa komoyampilo nge-catheter yamakhala lingu-6 L/min, amazinga okugeleza komoyampilo aphansi awavamile ukubangela ukomisa kwamakhala nokungakhululeki.
Izindlela zokulethwa komoyampilo okugeleza okuphansi, njenge-catheterization yamakhala, azizona izilinganiso ezinembile ikakhulukazi ze-FiO2, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhathaniswa nokulethwa komoyampilo nge-ventilator yoqhoqhoqho. Uma inani legesi elihogeliwe lidlula ukugeleza komoya-mpilo (njengasezigulini ezinomoya omncane wokungena komoya), isiguli sihosha inani elikhulu lomoya ozungezile, onciphisa i-FiO2.
Imaski Ye-oksijini
Njenge-catheter yamakhala, imaski elula inganikeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe ezigulini eziziphefumula ngokwazo. Imaski elula ayinawo amasaka omoya, futhi izimbobo ezincane nhlangothi zombili zemaski zivumela umoya ozungezile ukuba ungene njengoba uhogela futhi ukhulula njengoba ukhipha umoya. I-FiO2 inqunywa izinga lokugeleza komoyampilo, ukulingana kwemaski, kanye komoya omncane wesiguli.
Ngokuvamile, umoya-mpilo unikezwa ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esingu-5 L ngomzuzu, okuholela ku-FiO2 ka-0.35 kuya ku-0.6. Umhwamuko wamanzi uyajiya ku-mask, okubonisa ukuthi isiguli siyakhipha umoya, futhi usheshe unyamalale lapho kufakwa igesi entsha. Ukunqamula umugqa we-oksijini noma ukunciphisa ukugeleza komoyampilo kungabangela isiguli ukuba sihogele umoya-mpilo owanele futhi siphinde sikhiphe isikhutha esikhishwe umoya. Lezi zinkinga kufanele zixazululwe ngokushesha. Ezinye iziguli zingase zithole imaski ibopha.
Imaski engaphefumuli kabusha
Imaski yokuphefumula engaphindi iyimaski eshintshiwe ene-oxygen reservoir, i-valve yokuhlola evumela ukuthi umoya-mpilo ugeleze echibini ngesikhathi sokuhogela, kodwa ivala i-reservoir lapho kukhishwa umoya futhi ivumela indawo yokugcina amanzi ukuthi igcwaliswe nge-oxygen engu-100%. Ayikho imaski yokuphefumula ephindayo engenza i-FiO2 ifinyelele ku-0.6~0.9.
Amamaski angaphindi wokuphefumula angase afakwe ivalvu yokukhipha umoya eseceleni eyodwa noma amabili avala lapho ehogela ukuvimbela ukuhogela komoya ozungezile. Vula lapho ukhipha umoya ukuze unciphise ukuhogela igesi ekhishwa umoya futhi unciphise ingozi ye-carbonic acid ephezulu
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-15-2023