Ngo-2024, impi yomhlaba wonke yokulwa negciwane i-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ibe nezinkinga zayo. Inani labantu abathola ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane (ART) kanye nokuzuza ukucindezelwa kwegciwane liphezulu kakhulu. Ukufa kwengculaza kusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Nokho, naphezu kwalezi ntuthuko ezikhuthazayo, Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme (i-SDGS) zokuqeda i-HIV njengosongo lwezempilo yomphakathi ngo-2030 azikho emgqeni. Okukhathazayo ukuthi ubhubhane lwengculazi lusaqhubeka nokusabalala phakathi kwemiphakathi ethile. Ngokombiko we-UNAIDS 2024 woSuku Lwengculazi Lomhlaba, i-United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), amazwe ayisishiyagalolunye asefinyelele imigomo ethi “95-95-95″ ngo-2025 edingekayo ukuze kuqedwe ubhubhane lwengculazi ngo-2030, kanti amanye ayishumi asethubeni lokukwenza lokho. Kulesi sikhathi esibucayi, imizamo yokulawula i-HIV kufanele iqiniswe ngenani elisha le-HIV unyaka ngamunye, isibalo esisha esilinganiselwa ku-13 million. ngo-2023. Imizamo yokuvimbela kwezinye izindawo ilahlekelwe umfutho futhi idinga ukugxilwa kabusha ukuze kuhlehliswe ukwehla.
Ukuvimbela i-HIV okuphumelelayo kudinga inhlanganisela yezindlela zokuziphatha, ze-biomedical, kanye nesakhiwo, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ART ukucindezela igciwane, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu, izinhlelo zokushintshisana ngezinaliti, imfundo, kanye nezinguquko zenqubomgomo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kwehlise ukutheleleka okusha kwezinye imiphakathi, kodwa i-PrEP ibe nomthelela olinganiselwe kwabesifazane namantombazane asakhula empumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika abhekene nomthwalo omkhulu we-HIV. Isidingo sokuvakashela emtholampilo njalo kanye nemithi yansuku zonke singase silulaze futhi siphazamise. Abesifazane abaningi bayesaba ukudalula ukusetshenziswa kwe-PrEP kubalingani babo abasondelene nabo, futhi ubunzima bokufihla amaphilisi bukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-PrEP. Uhlolo oluyingqopha-mlando olushicilelwe kulo nyaka lubonise ukuthi imijovo emibili nje engaphansi kwe-HIV-1 capsid inhibitor lenacapavir ngonyaka ibisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwabesifazane namantombazane eNingizimu Afrika nase-Uganda (izigameko ezi-0 ngonyaka ngamunye we-100; Isigameko sangemuva se-oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil disoproxil fumarate sansuku zonke sasiyizehlakalo eziyi-2.010/1011/2011. Ocwaningweni lwamadoda e-cisgender kanye nabantu abahlukene ngobulili emazwenikazi amane, i-Lenacapavir enikezwa kabili ngonyaka ibe nomthelela ofanayo.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kokuvimbela okuthatha isikhathi eside kuwukunciphisa kakhulu ukutheleleka okusha kwe-HIV, kufanele kufinyeleleke futhi kufinyeleleke kubantu abasengozini enkulu. I-Gilead, eyakha i-lenacapavir, isayine izivumelwano nezinkampani eziyisithupha zase-Egypt, India, Pakistan kanye nase-United States zokudayisa izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zeLenacapavir emazweni ayi-120 anemali ephansi - naphakathi nendawo ephansi. Kusalindwe usuku lokuqala kokusebenza kwesivumelwano, i-Gilead izohlinzeka nge-lenacapavir ngentengo eyiziro emazweni ayi-18 anomthwalo omkhulu we-HIV. Ukuqhubeka nokutshala izimali ezindleleni zokuvimbela ezihlanganisiwe ezifakazelwe kubalulekile, kodwa kunobunzima obuthile. Isikhwama esiphuthumayo sikaMengameli waseMelika se-Aids Relief (PEPFAR) kanye neGlobal Fund kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngabathengi abakhulu beLenacapavir. Kodwa ngoNdasa, uxhaso lwePEPFAR lwaphinde lwagunyazwa unyaka owodwa kuphela, kunemihlanu evamile, futhi luzodinga ukuvuselelwa nguhulumeni ozayo kaTrump. I-Global Fund izophinde ibhekane nezinselelo zoxhaso njengoba ingena emjikelezweni wayo olandelayo wokugcwalisa ngo-2025.
Ngo-2023, ukutheleleka okusha kwe-HIV e-sub-Saharan Africa kuzodlula ezinye izifunda okokuqala, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Yurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi kanye naseLatin America. Ngaphandle kwe-sub-Saharan Africa, izifo eziningi ezintsha zenzeka phakathi kwamadoda aya ocansini namadoda, abantu abajova izidakamizwa, abathengisa ngomzimba kanye namakhasimende abo. Kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America, ukutheleleka okusha kwe-HIV kuyanda. Ngeshwa, i-Oral PrEP iye yaphuza ukusebenza; Ukufinyelela okungcono emithini yokuvimbela ethatha isikhathi eside kubalulekile. Amazwe anemali engenayo ephezulu njengePeru, Brazil, Mexico, ne-Ecuador, angakufanelekeli ukuthola izinguqulo ezijwayelekile ze-Lenacapavir futhi angakufanelekeli ukuthola usizo lwe-Global Fund, awanazo izinsiza zokuthenga i-lenacapavir enenani eligcwele (efika ku-$44,000 ngonyaka, kodwa ngaphansi kuka-$100 wokukhiqiza ngobuningi). Isinqumo sikaGileyadi sokungabandakanyi amazwe amaningi anengeniso emaphakathi ezivumelwaneni zamalayisense, ikakhulukazi lawo abandakanyeka ocwaningweni lwaseLenacapavir kanye nokuqubuka kabusha kwe-HIV, sizoba buhlungu kakhulu.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zezempilo, abantu ababalulekile bayaqhubeka nokubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukucwaswa, ukucwaswa, imithetho eyisijeziso kanye nezinqubomgomo. Le mithetho nezinqubomgomo zithena amandla abantu ekubambeni iqhaza ezinsizeni ze-HIV. Yize sehlile isibalo sabantu ababulawa yingculazi kusukela ngo-2010, abantu abaningi basasesigabeni esiphambili se-AIDS, okuholela ekufeni kwabantu kungenasidingo. Intuthuko yesayensi iyodwa ngeke yanele ukuqeda i-HIV njengosongo lwezempilo yomphakathi; lokhu ukukhetha kwezombusazwe kanye nezezimali. Indlela esekelwe kumalungelo abantu ehlanganisa izimpendulo ze-biomedical, zokuziphatha kanye nesakhiwo iyadingeka ukuze kunqandwe ubhubhane lwe-HIV/AIDS
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-04-2025