izindaba

Ingabe amasampula ezicubu angaqoqwa kubantu abanempilo ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubekelaphambili yezokwelapha?

Ungalinganisa kanjani phakathi kwezinjongo zesayensi, ubungozi obungaba khona, kanye nezintshisakalo zabahlanganyeli?

Ekuphenduleni ikhwelo lokuthola imithi enembile, abanye ososayensi basemtholampilo nabayisisekelo baye basuka ekuhloleni ukuthi yikuphi ukungenelela okuphephile futhi okusebenzayo ezigulini eziningi baya endleleni ecwengisiswe kakhudlwana ehloselwe ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwesiguli esifanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Intuthuko yesayensi, ekuqaleni ehlanganiswe emkhakheni we-oncology, ibonise ukuthi amakilasi emitholampilo angahlukaniswa abe yi-molecular intrinsic phenotypes, nge-trajectories ehlukene kanye nezimpendulo ezahlukene zokwelapha. Ukuze kuchazwe izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli kanye nezinhlangano ze-pathological, ososayensi baye basungula amamephu wezicubu.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ucwaningo lwezifo zezinso, iNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) yabamba umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi ngo-2017 Ababekhona bahlanganisa ososayensi abayisisekelo, izazi ze-nephrologists, abalawuli benhlangano, izihlalo ze-Institutional Review Board (IRB), futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, iziguli. Amalungu omhlangano axoxisane ngokubaluleka kwesayensi nokwamukeleka kwezimiso zokuhlolwa kwezinso kubantu abangazidingi ekunakekelweni komtholampilo ngenxa yokuthi banengozi encane kodwa ecacile yokufa. Izindlela zesimanje "ze-omics" (izindlela zokucwaninga zamangqamuzana ezifana ne-genomics, i-epigenomics, i-proteomics, ne-metabolomics) zingasetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni izicubu ukuze kucaciswe izindlela zezifo ezazingaziwa ngaphambili futhi kuhlonzwe okungase kube okuhlosiwe kokungenelela kwezidakamizwa. Abahlanganyeli bavumile ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwezinso kuyamukeleka kuphela ngezinjongo zocwaningo, inqobo nje uma kukhawulelwe kubantu abadala abanikeza imvume, baqonde ubungozi futhi bengenazo izithakazelo zomuntu siqu, ukuthi ulwazi olutholiwe lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yesiguli nolwazi lwesayensi, kanye nokuthi indikimba yokubuyekeza, i-IRB, igunyaza ucwaningo.

Ngemva kwalesi sincomo, ngoSepthemba 2017, i-NIDDK-Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) exhaswe yi-NIDDK yasungula izindawo eziyisithupha zokuqashwa ukuze kuqoqwe izicubu ezigulini ezinesifo sezinso ezazingenazo izimpawu zokuhlolwa komtholampilo. Ingqikithi ye-biopsies ye-156 yenziwa phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yocwaningo, kuhlanganise ne-42 ezigulini ezinokulimala kwezinso ezinzima kanye ne-114 ezigulini ezinesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Akukho ukufa okwenzekile, futhi izinkinga ezihlanganisa ukopha okunezimpawu nokungabonakali kwakuhambisana nalezo ezichazwe ezincwadini namafomu emvume yocwaningo.

Ucwaningo lwe-Omics luphakamisa umbuzo wesayensi obalulekile: Izicubu eziqoqwe ezigulini ezinesifo ziqhathaniswa kanjani nezicubu "ezivamile" kanye "nezithenjwa"? Lo mbuzo wesayensi wona uphakamisa umbuzo obalulekile wokuziphatha: Ingabe kuyamukeleka ngokokuziphatha ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu kumavolontiya anempilo ukuze aqhathaniswe namasampula ezicubu zesiguli? Lo mbuzo awugcini nje ocwaningweni lwezifo zezinso. Ukuqoqa izicubu eziyisithenjwa ezinempilo kunamandla okuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo. Kodwa izingozi ezihlobene nokuqoqwa kwezicubu ezithweni ezihlukene ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izicubu zifinyeleleke kangakanani.