izindaba

I-Interferon isignali ekhishwa igciwane enzalweni yomzimba ukuze isebenze amasosha omzimba, futhi iwumugqa wokuzivikela egciwaneni. I-interferon yohlobo I (njenge-alpha ne-beta) ihlolwe amashumi eminyaka njengemithi elwa namagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ama-receptors ohlobo lwe-Interferon avezwa ezicutshini eziningi, ngakho-ke ukuphathwa kohlobo lwe-interferon yohlobo lwe-I kulula ukuholela ekuphenduleni ngokweqile kwezivikeli mzimba, okuholela ochungechungeni lwemiphumela emibi. Umehluko wukuthi ama-receptors ohlobo lwe-Interferon (λ) avezwa kuphela ezicutshini ze-epithelial namaseli athile omzimba omzimba, njengamaphaphu, umgudu wokuphefumula, amathumbu, nesibindi, lapho i-coronavirus yenoveli isebenza khona, ngakho-ke i-interferon λ inemiphumela emibi embalwa. I-PEG-λ iguqulwa yi-polyethylene glycol ngesisekelo se-interferon yemvelo λ, futhi isikhathi sayo sokujikeleza egazini side kakhulu kune-interferon yemvelo. Ucwaningo oluningana lubonise ukuthi i-PEG-λ inomsebenzi we-antiviral obanzi

Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli 2020, ososayensi beNational Cancer Institute (NCI) e-United States, King's College London e-United Kingdom kanye nezinye izikhungo zocwaningo bashicilela imibono ku-J Exp Med encoma izifundo zomtholampilo kusetshenziswa i-interferon λ ukwelapha i-Covid-19. URaymond T. Chung, umqondisi weHepatobiliary Center esibhedlela iMassachusetts General Hospital e-United States, naye umemezele ngoMeyi ukuthi kuzokwenziwa uphenyo lomtholampilo oluzoqalwa umphenyi ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-PEG-λ ngokumelene ne-Covid-19.

Izivivinyo ezimbili zomtholampilo zesigaba sesi-2 zibonise ukuthi i-PEG-λ inganciphisa kakhulu inani legciwane ezigulini ezine-COVID-19 [5,6]. NgoFebhuwari 9, 2023, i-New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) ishicilele imiphumela yesigaba sesi-3 sokuvivinywa kwepulatifomu ebizwa ngokuthi TOGETHER, eholwa yizazi zaseBrazil naseCanada, ephinde yahlola umphumela wokwelapha we-PEG-λ ezigulini ze-COVID-19 [7].

Iziguli zangaphandle ezethula izimpawu ezibucayi ze-Covid-19 futhi ezethula phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7 zokuvela kwezimpawu zithole i-PEG-λ (umjovo owodwa ongaphansi kwesikhumba, 180 μg) noma i-placebo (umjovo owodwa noma ngomlomo). Umphumela oyinhloko oyinhlanganisela kwaba ukulaliswa esibhedlela (noma ukudluliselwa esibhedlela semfundo ephakeme) noma ukuvakasha komnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo nge-Covid-19 phakathi nezinsuku ezingama-28 zokungahleliwe (ukubuka> amahora angu-6).

I-coronavirus yenoveli ibilokhu iguquka kusukela kwaqubuka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuthi i-PEG-λ inomphumela wokwelapha ezinhlobonhlobo zamanoveli e-coronavirus. Ithimba lenze ukuhlaziya kweqembu elingaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zegciwane elithelele iziguli kulolu cwaningo, okuhlanganisa i-Omicron, Delta, Alpha, ne-Gamma. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-PEG-λ yayisebenza kuzo zonke iziguli ezingenwe lezi zinhlobonhlobo, futhi iphumelela kakhulu ezigulini ezingenwe i-Omicron.

Ngokuphathelene nomthamo wegciwane egazini, i-PEG-λ yaba nomthelela obaluleke kakhulu wokwelapha ezigulini ezinomthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kuyilapho kungekho mphumela ophawulekayo wokwelapha owabonwa ezigulini ezinenani eliphansi legciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Lokhu kusebenza kusebenza kahle kucishe kulingane ne-Pfizer's Paxlovid (Nematovir/Ritonavir).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Paxlovid iphathwa ngomlomo ngamaphilisi ama-3 kabili ngosuku izinsuku ezi-5. I-PEG-λ, ngakolunye uhlangothi, idinga kuphela umjovo owodwa ongaphansi kwesikhumba ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-Paxlovid, ngakho inokuthobelana okungcono. Ngaphezu kokuthobela, i-PEG-λ inezinye izinzuzo kune-Paxlovid. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-Paxlovid kulula ukubangela ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa futhi ithinte umzimba wezinye izidakamizwa. Abantu abanezehlakalo eziphezulu ze-Covid-19 enzima, njengeziguli esezikhulile neziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona, bavame ukuphuza izidakamizwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ubungozi be-Paxlovid kulawa maqembu buphezulu kakhulu kune-PEG-λ.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Paxlovid iyi-inhibitor ehlose ama-virus protease. Uma i-viral protease ishintsha, umuthi ungase ungasebenzi. I-PEG-λ ithuthukisa ukuqedwa kwamagciwane ngokwenza kusebenze ukuzivikela komzimba, futhi ayibhekiseli noma yisiphi isakhiwo segciwane. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe igciwane liguquka ngokuqhubekayo ngokuzayo, i-PEG-λ kulindeleke ukuthi igcine ukusebenza kwayo kahle.

Kodwa-ke, i-FDA ithe ngeke ikugunyaze ukusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo kwe-PEG-λ, okuphoxeke kakhulu ososayensi ababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni. U-Eiger uthi lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi ucwaningo aluzange lufake isikhungo sokuhlolwa komtholampilo sase-US, futhi ngenxa yokuthi uhlolo lwaqalwa futhi lwenziwa abacwaningi, hhayi izinkampani zemithi. Njengomphumela, i-PEG-λ izodinga ukutshala inani elikhulu lemali nesikhathi esengeziwe ngaphambi kokuthi yethulwe e-United States.

Njengomuthi we-antiviral obanzi, i-PEG-λ ayibheki nje kuphela i-coronavirus yenoveli, ingathuthukisa nokucaciswa komzimba kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. I-PEG-λ inemiphumela engaba khona kugciwane lomkhuhlane, i-respiratory syncytial virus namanye ama-coronavirus. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa nokuthi izidakamizwa ze-λ interferon, uma zisetshenziswe kusenesikhathi, zingavimba igciwane ukuthi lingangeni emzimbeni. U-Eleanor Fish, isazi samasosha omzimba e-University of Toronto eCanada esasingahileleki ekuhloleni OKUNYE, wathi: “Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwalolu hlobo lwe-interferon kungaba ukuvimbela izifo, ikakhulukazi ukuvikela abantu abasengozini enkulu ekungenweni izifo phakathi nokuqubuka kwezifo.”